PART ONE
I. INTRODUCTION
II. WHAT IS KEIGO?
III. THE RULES OF GOREAN KEIGO
A. RULES FOR TAL

PART TWO
III. THE RULES OF GOREAN KEIGO
B. RULES FOR “GREETINGS”

PART THREE
III. THE RULES OF GOREAN KEIGO
C. BREAKING THE RULES OF GOREAN KEIGO
IV. THE 11 RULES OF GOREAN KEIGO
V. CONCLUSION
APPENDICES

This article is PART THREE.

PART THREE

III. THE RULES OF GOREAN KEIGO
C. BREAKING THE RULES OF GOREAN KEIGO

Can a slave use Tal? Or is Tal the greeting reserved for free persons?

It is sometimes argued that there is no rule in the Gor series that Tal can only be used by a free person to a free person, because there are occasions in the series where Tal is used by or to slaves. Those who argue this are forgetting that the rules of Keigo can be broken. They can be accidentally broken, by a person not familiar with them; they can be deliberately broken in jest; they can be deliberately broken in order to insult someone; and they can be deliberately broken when someone of one class, rank or status is pretending to belong to lower or higher class, rank or status. There are certainly a few occasions in the Gor series when characters appear to be mis-using the greeting Tal. Some of these mis-usages can be interpreted and explanations can be suggested. Some may merely indicate that Norman was inconsistent with his Gorean Keigo. But it is clear that slaves should not be using Tal on Gor.

The reader will remember that Tal only has two rules for usage. Both are Teineigo expressions:

Rule 1: Tal is a formal greeting used by free persons of either gender to greet other free persons of equal rank or status; and

Rule 2: Tal is a formal greeting used by members of the caste of warriors when greeting each other.

In other words, only free persons can use this greeting, and it can be only used to greet another free person. The reader will note that the slave Teineigo greeting is not the same as the free person Teineigo greeting.

How then to explain the few instances in the series where either (a) a slave uses Tal to greet; or (b) a free person greets a slave with Tal? Let us look at these occasions.

There are only three books in the series where the greeting Tal is misused in relation to slaves. These are Book 7, Captive of Gor, where Tal is misused 4 times on 3 occasions; Book 10, Tribesmen of Gor, where Tal is misused 3 times on 2 occasions; and Book 11, Slave Girl, where Tal is misused 2 times on 1 occasion. This makes a total of 6 occasions in the entire series where Tal is misused. This is hardly enough to contradict or challenge the Keigo rules for Tal established by multiple usage in the series.

The first occasion of the misuse of Tal in the Gor series is found in Book 7, Captive of Gor, at Chapter 8, p.87:

“‘Tal, Kajirae!’ cried one of the men, waving.”
-- Book 7, Captive of Gor, Chapter 8, p.87.

This greeting occurs as a group of young free men in high spirits are passing by the cage where the slave girls are being held. Why do they call out the Teineigo Tal and not a Kenjougo “Greetings”? Perhaps they are joking, greeting the slave girls as if they were free women. Perhaps they are simply uneducated in the intricacies of Gorean Keigo? Or perhaps Norman simply made an error in his choice of greeting.

The second occasion of the misuse of Tal in the Gor series is found in Book 7, Captive of Gor, at Chapter 13, p.237:

“‘Tal,’ cried Ute, greeting me as a free person.
‘Tal!’ I cried, pleased, waving to her.”
-- Book 7, Captive of Gor, Chapter 13, p.237.

This misuse is fairly well understood. Here the slave girls are on the run. To symbolize their (temporary) free status, Ute is boldly using the free person Teineigo greeting to Elinor, who responds the same way in a “pleased” fashion.

This misuse of Keigo is repeated (third occasion), in Captive at Chapter 13, p.245:

“‘Greetings, Ute,’ said I, smiling.
‘Tal, El-in-or,’ smiled Ute, looking up from her work. She was trying, with a pointed stick, to round a pit in a new board for a new fire drill. Usually, in our night journeys, we carried with us only the precious binding fiber. Accordingly, Ute often constructed a new drill.”
-- Book 7, Captive of Gor, Chapter 13, p.245.

Here it appears that Elinor is using the Teineigo Rule 7 - the greeting of friends. Ute responds with the Teineigo Rule 1. Once again, it appears that Ute is enjoying using a word she is normally not allowed to say.

The fourth occasion of the misuse of Tal in the Gor series is found in Book 10, Tribesmen of Gor, at Chapter 26, p.344:

“The girls stood straight, proud under the gaze of a warrior.
‘Tal, Master,’ said many of them, as I rode slowly by.”
-- Book 10, Tribesmen of Gor, Chapter 26, p.344.

The fifth occasion of the misuse of Tal in the Gor series is found in Book 10, Tribesmen of Gor, at Chapter 26, p.345:

“‘Tal, Master,’ they said to me.
‘Tal, Slave Girls,’ I said to them.”
-- Book 10, Tribesmen of Gor, at Chapter 26, p.345.

These last two examples pose a problem of interpretation. If Tal is the Teineigo greeting of the warriors, and the Teineigo greeting of the free, then why are the slave girls at the end of Tribesmen being allowed to use it, and why does Tarl say it back to them? Is this simply because everyone is celebrating at the end of this story, because the battle is over, and thus the rules of Gorean Keigo are relaxed? This seems like one possible explanation, although once again this may be simple linguistic inconsistency on Norman’s part.

The sixth and final occasion of the misuse of Tal in the Gor series is found in Book 11, Slave Girl of Gor, at Chapter 9, p.199:

“‘I am Radish,’ said Radish. ‘I am Turnip,’ said Turnip. ‘I am Verr Tail,’ said Verr Tail.
Sandal Thong looked at me. ‘I am Sandal Thong,’ she said.
‘Tal,’ I said to them.
‘Tal,’ they said to me.
‘You are first in the cage?’ I asked Sandal Thong.
‘Yes,’ she said.
‘It will not be necessary to kick or beat me,’ I said. ‘I will obey you.’”
-- Book 11, Slave Girl of Gor, Chapter 9, p.199.

We already know by Book 11, that Rule 10 requires that slaves greet each other with the Teineigo “Greetings.” And yet here the slave girls both use the Teineigo Tal. It appears to me that in this scene, where Elinor has been added to the cage, the slave girls are greeting formally with Rule 1 Tal, even though this is a violation of Gorean Keigo Rule 10. Perhaps they are doing this because there are no free persons present, and so they are mimicking free society, using words they are normally not allowed to use. Or perhaps, once again, this simply reflects a linguistic error by Norman, who is inadvertently breaking his own Keigo rules.

One more misuse of Tal is the scene in Assassin between Scormus and Cernus, already discussed above (Book 5, Assassin of Gor, Chapter 20, p.322). Here Scormus, a free person, uses the free person Teineigo formal greeting to another free person (Tal), when he should have used the free person Sonkeigo formal greeting (“Greetings”).

Overall, these few misuses of Tal do not change the rules established in the series, which are repeated again below.

IV. THE 11 RULES OF GOREAN KEIGO

Rule 1- free persons of either gender greet other free persons of equal rank or status with Tal.
Rule 2 - warriors greet warriors with Tal.
Rule 3 - free persons of superior rank or status greet free persons of inferior rank or status with “Greetings.”
Rule 4 - free persons of inferior rank or status greet free persons of superior rank or status with “Greetings.”
Rule 5 - free persons greet slaves with “Greetings.”
Rule 6 - slaves greet free persons with “Greetings.”
Rule 7 - free persons greet friends with “Greetings.”
Rule 8 - captors greet prisoners with “Greetings.”
Rule 9 - prisoners address captors with “Greetings.”
Rule 10 - slaves greet slaves with “Greetings.”
Rule 11 - family members greet family members with “Greetings.”

These 11 rules divide into the three Keigo categories as follows:

Teineigo (when speaking to an equal):

Rule 1- free persons of either gender greet other free persons of equal rank or status with Tal.
Rule 2 - warriors greet warriors with Tal.
Rule 7 - free persons greet friends with “Greetings.”
Rule 10 - slaves greet slaves with “Greetings.”
Rule 11 - family members greet family members with “Greetings.”

Sonkeigo (when speaking to a superior):

Rule 4 - free persons of inferior rank or status greet free persons of superior rank or status with “Greetings.”
Rule 6 - slaves greet free persons with “Greetings.”
Rule 9 - prisoners address captors with “Greetings.”

Kenjougo (when speaking to an inferior):

Rule 3 - free persons of superior rank or status greet free persons of inferior rank or status with “Greetings.”
Rule 5 - free persons greet slaves with “Greetings.”
Rule 8 - captors greet prisoners with “Greetings.”

One can divide these rules further, since in Gorean Keigo we have Teineigo and Sonkeigo expressions for both free and slave, and Kenjougo expressions for free persons only, as follows:

Teineigo (when speaking to an equal).

Teineigo for free persons:

Rule 1- free persons of either gender greet other free persons of equal rank or status with Tal.
Rule 2 - warriors greet warriors with Tal.
Rule 7 - free persons greet friends with “Greetings.”
Rule 11 - family members greet family members with “Greetings.”

Teineigo for slaves:

Rule 10 - slaves greet slaves with “Greetings.”

Sonkeigo (when speaking to a superior).

Sonkeigo for free persons:

Rule 4 - free persons of inferior rank or status greet free persons of superior rank or status with “Greetings.”
Rule 9 - prisoners address captors with “Greetings.”

Sonkeigo for slaves:

Rule 6 - slaves greet free persons with “Greetings.”

Kenjougo (when speaking to an inferior).

Kenjougo for slaves:

Rule 3 - free persons of superior rank or status greet free persons of inferior rank or status with “Greetings.”
Rule 5 - free persons greet slaves with “Greetings.”
Rule 8 - captors greet prisoners with “Greetings.”

One should note that there are no Kenjougo expressions for slaves. The slave being the lowest class/rank/status on Gor, can have no Kenjougo language, i.e., there is no one to speak down to. To speak down to someone, a slave must use Kenjougo expressions that properly belong to free persons. This is part of the hierarchical social control mechanism of Gorean society - to control conduct through the restriction of language. This is Keigo.

Alternately one can consider the various categories in the following format:

1. Free persons Sonkeigo: “Greetings” (Rules 4 and 9).
2. Free persons Kenjougo: “Greetings” (Rules 3, 5 and 8).
3. Free persons Teineigo: Tal (Rules 1 and 2) or “Greetings” (Rules 7 and 11).

4. Slaves Sonkeigo: “Greetings” (Rule 6).
5. Slaves Kenjougo: None
6. Slaves Teineigo: “Greetings” (Rule 10)

It can be seen that if Norman had used different greeting words, the Keigo relationships would be more clear. At least 6 different words for “Greetings” (and as many as 11) should exist in the Gorean language, in order to reflect its hierarchical structure.

V. CONCLUSION

While the rules of Gorean Keigo are incomplete and fragmentary, and certainly have inconsistencies, evidence exists to show that Norman has created a Gorean Keigo system, with rules that can be identified, using the three standard Japanese Keigo categories of expression of Teineigo, Sonkeigo and Kenjougo. While it is true that the Gorean Keigo is rudimentary, and while it is true that Norman could have applied the rules far more strictly, so as to avoid confusion, this is not to say that one cannot see Gorean Keigo at work throughout the series.

The control of language is an essential part of social control in any hierarchical society. Restrictions on certain words and expressions impose linguistic discipline on members of each class, which is part and parcel of the imposition of class immobility, social discipline, control and stability. There is no doubt that Norman has incorporated some of these ideas in his Gor series.

Through the restriction of certain words and expressions to persons of particular class, rank/status, condition and familiarity, Gorean society maintains its rigid hierarchy.

Thus, a free person may say Tal. A slave must say “Greetings.” And a slave may not say Tal. And when a free person says “Greetings,” this is not the same “Greetings” as the “Greetings” used by the slave. Each class on Gor has its own Sonkeigo, Kenjougo and Teineigo expressions, identifying itself to the listener each time it says “Hello.” This is Gorean Keigo.

Copyright 2005, Makaku Oyami. All rights restricted.

APPENDICES

APPENDIX A: NUMBER OF TIMES Tal OCCURS IN THE GOR SERIES

Tarnsman, Book 1 - 0 times, on 0 occasions
Outlaw, Book 2 - 14 times, on 8 occasions
Priest Kings, Book 3 - 0 times, on 0 occasions
Nomads, Book 4 - 2 times, on 2 occasions
Assassin, Book 5 - 6 times, on 4 occasions
Raiders, Book 6 - 0 times, on 0 occasions
Captive, Book 7 - 4 times, on 3 occasions
Hunters, Book 8 - 0 times, on 0 occasions
Marauders, Book 9 - 0 times, on 0 occasions
Tribesmen, Book 10 - 10 times, on 7 occasions
Slave Girl, Book 11 - 4 times, on 2 occasions
Beasts, Book 12 - 10 times, on 5 occasions
Explorers, Book 13 - 9 times, on 5 occasions
Fighting Slave, Book 14 - 0 times, on 0 occasions
Rogue, Book 15 - 0 times, on 0 occasions
Guardsman, Book 16 - 0 times, on 0 occasions
Savages, Book 17 - 10 times, on 6 occasions
Blood Brothers, Book 18 - 0 times, on 0 occasions
Kajira, Book 19 - 4 times, on 2 occasions
Players, Book 20 - 3 times, on 2 occasions
Mercenaries, Book 21 - 7 times, on 5 occasions
Dancer, Book 22 - 0 times, on 0 occasions
Renegades, Book 23 - 4 times, on 2 occasions
Vagabonds, Book 24 - 4 times, on 3 occasions
Magicians, Book 25 - 2 times, on 2 occasions
Witness, Book 26 - 2 times, on 1 occasions

Totals: Tal is used 96 times on 58 occasions.

APPENDIX B: NUMBER OF TIMES “GREETINGS” OCCURS IN THE GOR SERIES

Tarnsman, Book 1 - 0 times, on 0 occasions
Outlaw, Book 2 - 0 times, on 0 occasions
Priest Kings, Book 3 - 9 times, on 6 occasions
Nomads, Book 4 - 2 times, on 1 occasion
Assassin, Book 5 - 6 times, on 4 occasions
Raiders, Book 6 - 8 times, on 5 occasions
Captive, Book 7 - 2 times, on 2 occasions
Hunters, Book 8 - 14 times, on 9 occasions
Marauders, Book 9 - 5 times, on 3 occasions
Tribesmen, Book 10 - 8 times, on 5 occasions
Slave Girl, Book 11 - 16 times, on 10 occasions
Beasts, Book 12 - 20 times, on 15 occasions
Explorers, Book 13 - 6 times, on 4 occasions
Fighting Slave, Book 1 - 9 times, on 4 occasions
Rogue, Book 15 - 3 times, on 2 occasions
Guardsman, Book 16 - 2 times, on 2 occasions
Savages, Book 17 - 4 times, on 1 occasion
Blood Brothers, Book 18 - 14 times, on 10 occasions
Kajira, Book 19 - 5 times, on 4 occasions
Players, Book 20 - 10 times, on 6 occasions
Mercenaries, Book 21 - 10 times, on 6 occasions
Dancer, Book 22 - 7 times, on 5 occasions
Renegades, Book 23 - 1 times, on 1 occasion
Vagabonds, Book 24 - 1 times, on 1 occasion
Magicians, Book 25 - 5 times, on 5 occasions
Witness, Book 26 - 3 times, on 2 occasions

Totals: “Greetings” is used 170 times on 113 occasions.

APPENDIX C: THE 11 RULES FOR SAYING HELLO WITH GOREAN KEIGO, WITH REFERENCES TO THE BOOKS - RULE 1

Rule 1: Tal is a formal greeting used by free persons of either gender to greet other free persons of equal rank or status (Teineigo).

Referenced 46 times at:
Book 2, Outlaw of Gor: Chapter 3, p.28; Chapter 6, p.55; Chapter 8, p.70; Chapter 19, p.172; Chapter 21, p.186; Chapter 24, p.224; Chapter 24, p.230; and Epilogue, at p.245.
Book 4, Nomads of Gor: Chapter 2, p.8; Chapter 2, p.15.
Book 5, Assassin of Gor: Chapter 1, p.4; Chapter 20, p.322; Chapter 24, p.392; Chapter 24, p.395.
Book 10, Tribesmen of Gor: Chapter 2, p.58; Chapter 7, p.119; Chapter 10, p.151-152; Chapter 11, p.185-186.
Book 12, Beasts of Gor: Chapter 6, p.112-113; Chapter 6, p.115; Chapter 6, p.125; Chapter 22, p.282; Chapter 33, p.381.
Book 13, Explorers of Gor: Chapter 3, p.45; Chapter 3, p.47; Chapter 4, p.70; Chapter 44, p.390; Chapter 44, p.391.
Book 17, Savages of Gor: Chapter 1, p.20; Chapter 1, p.21; Chapter 1, p.23; Chapter 1, p.24; Chapter 5, p.87-88.
Book 19, Kajira of Gor: Chapter 8, p.134; Chapter 10, p.165.
Book 20, Players of Gor: Chaper 6, p.123; Chapter 14, p.283.
Book 21, Mercenariesof Gor: Chapter 3, p.28; Chapter 26, p.380.
Book 23, Renegades of Gor: Chapter 3, p.53; Chapter 20, p.351.
Book 24, Vagabonds of Gor: Chapter 3, p.73; Chapter 29, p.333; Chapter 48, p.464.
Book 25, Magicians of Gor: Chapter 18, p.272; Chapter 23, p.404.
Book 26, Witness of Gor: Chapter 40, p.650.

APPENDIX D: THE 11 RULES FOR SAYING HELLO WITH GOREAN KEIGO, WITH REFERENCES TO THE BOOKS - RULE 2

Rule 2: Tal is a formal greeting used by members of the caste of warriors when greeting each other (Teineigo).

Referenced 7 times at:
Book 11, Slave Girl of Gor: Chapter 2, p.18.
Book 12, Beasts of Gor: Chapter 6, p.115.
Book 17, Savages of Gor: Chapter 19, p.321.
Book 19, Kajira of Gor: Chapter 10, p.165.
Book 21, Mercenariesof Gor: Chapter 15, p.146; Chapter 15, p.147; Chapter 16, p.199.

APPENDIX E: THE 11 RULES FOR SAYING HELLO WITH GOREAN KEIGO, WITH REFERENCES TO THE BOOKS - RULE 3

Rule 3. “Greetings” is used by free persons of superior rank or status when addressing free persons of inferior rank or status (Kenjougo).

Referenced at:
Book 3, Priest Kings of Gor: Chapter 17, p.131; Chapter 20, p.155; Chapter 22, p.169; Chapter 28, p.230; Chapter 32, p.287; Chapter 35, p.311.
Book 6, Raiders of Gor: Chapter 11, p.153; Chapter 17, p.260; Chapter 18, p.302.
Book 8, Hunters of Gor: Chapter 11, p.158; Chapter 22, p.296.
Book 9, Marauders of Gor: Chapter 1, p.18; Chapter 3, p.50.
Book 10, Tribesmen of Gor: Chapter 14, p.225; Chapter 23, p.305.
Book 11, Slave Girl of Gor: Chapter 9, p.235.
Book 12, Beasts of Gor: Chapter 2, p.24; Chapter 2, p.40; Chapter 4, p.100-101; Chapter 4, p.105; Chapter 6, p.123.
Book 13, Explorers of Gor: Chapter 1, p.35; Chapter 57, p.453.
Book 14, Fighting Slave of Gor: Chapter 26, p.334-335.
Book 15, Rogue of Gor: Chapter 28, p.255-256.
Book 20, Players of Gor: Chapter 2, p.57.
Book 21, Mercenaries of Gor: Chapter 29, p.444.
Book 22, Dancer of Gor: Chapter 20, p.309.
Book 24, Vagabonds of Gor: Chapter 3, p.79.
Book 25, Magicians of Gor: Chapter 6, p.76; Chapter 7, p.93; Chapter 7, p.94.

APPENDIX F: THE 11 RULES FOR SAYING HELLO WITH GOREAN KEIGO, WITH REFERENCES TO THE BOOKS - RULE 4

Rule 4: “Greetings” is used by free persons of inferior rank or status when addressing free persons of superior rank or status (Sonkeigo).

Referenced at:
Book 3, Priest Kings of Gor: Chapter 17, p.131; Chapter 20, p.155; Chapter 22, p.169.
Book 6, Raiders of Gor: Chapter 11, p.153; Chapter 17, p.260; Chapter 18, p.302.
Book 8, Hunters of Gor: Chapter 4, p.62; Chapter 11, p.158; Chapter 22, p.296.
Book 9, Marauders of Gor: Chapter 1, p.18.
Book 10, Tribesmen of Gor: Chapter 23, p.305.
Book 12, Beasts of Gor: Chapter 14, p.211.
Book 13, Explorers of Gor: Chapter 1, p.35; Chapter 18, p.233; Chapter 57, p.453.
Book 15, Rogue of Gor: Chapter 28, p.255-256.
Book 19, Kajira of Gor: Chapter 13, p.182; Chapter 13, p.183.
Book 20, Players of Gor: Chapter 2, p.57; Chapter 6, p.147.
Book 21, Mercenaries of Gor: Chapter 29, p.444.
Book 22, Dancer of Gor: Chapter 20, p.309.
Book 25, Magicians of Gor: Chapter 3, p.52; Chapter 14, p.215.

APPENDIX G: THE 11 RULES FOR SAYING HELLO WITH GOREAN KEIGO, WITH REFERENCES TO THE BOOKS - RULE 5

Rule 5: “Greetings” is used by free persons when addressing slaves (Kenjougo).

Referenced at:
Book 4, Nomads of Gor: Chapter 12, p.148.
Book 5, Assassin of Gor: Chapter 17, p.224; Chapter 24, p.408.
Book 6, Raiders of Gor: Chapter 15, p.232.
Book 8, Hunters of Gor: Chapter 5, p.70-71; Chapter 6, p.77; Chapter 6, p.100; Chapter 9, p.128; Chapter 9, p.139.
Book 11, Slave Girl of Gor: Chapter 7, p.158-159; Chapter 9, p.193; Chapter 9, p.220; Chapter 14, p.294; Chapter 26, p.400; Chapter 27, p.413.
Book 12, Beasts of Gor: Chapter 12, at p.196; Chapter 21, p.270.
Book 14, Fighting Slave of Gor: Chapter 10, p.125-126; Chapter 29, p.365.
Book 18, Blood Brothers of Gor: Chapter 2, p.28; Chapter 18, p.193; Chapter 29, p.258; Chapter 54, p.469.
Book 20, Players of Gor: Chapter 6, p.149; Chapter 9, p.200.
Book 21, Mercenaries of Gor: Chapter 25, p.336.
Book 22, Dancer of Gor: Chapter 32, p.449.
Book 23, Renegades of Gor: Chapter 15, p.234.

APPENDIX H: THE 11 RULES FOR SAYING HELLO WITH GOREAN KEIGO WITH REFERENCES TO THE BOOKS - RULE 6

Rule 6. “Greetings” is used by slaves when addressing free persons (Sonkeigo).

Referenced at:
Book 4, Nomads of Gor: Chapter 12, p.148.
Book 5, Assassin of Gor: Chapter 17, p.224; Chapter 24, p.408.
Book 6, Raiders of Gor: Chapter 9, p.112.
Book 11, Slave Girl of Gor: Chapter 7, p.158-159; Chapter 9, p.193; Chapter 9, p.220; Chapter 14, p.294; Chapter 26, p.400.
Book 12, Beasts of Gor: Chapter 12, at p.196; Chapter 21, p.270.
Book 14, Fighting Slave of Gor: Chapter 10, p.125-126; Chapter 29, p.365.
Book 18, Blood Brothers of Gor: Chapter 4, p.53; Chapter 12, p.122; Chapter 18, p.193; Chapter 29, p.258.
Book 19, Kajira of Gor: Chapter 31, p.340.
Book 20, Players of Gor: Chapter 9, p.200.
Book 22, Dancer of Gor: Chapter 24, p.329.
Book 26: Witness of Gor, Chapter 14, 330; Chapter 20, p.456.

APPENDIX I: THE 11 RULES FOR SAYING HELLO WITH GOREAN KEIGO WITH REFERENCES TO THE BOOKS - RULE 7

Rule 7: “Greetings” is a casual greeting used by free persons who are friends, when addressing each other (Teineigo).

Referenced at: Book 5, Assassin of Gor: Chapter 11, p.125; Chapter 16, p.222
Book 8, Hunters of Gor: Chapter 20, p.283.
Book 9, Marauders of Gor: Chapter 10, p.139.
Book 10, Tribesmen of Gor: Chapter 12, p.203; Chapter 17, p.259.
Book 11, Slave Girl of Gor: Chapter 9, p.225; Chapter 10, p.250.
Book 12, Beasts of Gor: Chapter 10, at p.159; Chapter 12, at p.198; Chapter 22, p.282; Chapter 29, p.351; Chapter 35, p.420.
Book 13, Explorers of Gor: Chapter 57, p.462.
Book 14, Fighting Slave of Gor: Chapter 19, p.243-244.
Book 16, Guardsman of Gor: Chapter 16, p.141.
Book 17, Savages of Gor: Chapter 15, p.257.
Book 18, Blood Brothers of Gor: Chapter 43, p.396.
Book 20, Players of Gor: Chapter 6, p.157; Chapter 22, p.386.
Book 21, Mercenaries of Gor: Chapter 16, p.199; Chapter 18, p.231; Chapter 23, p.286.
Book 22, Dancer of Gor: Chapter 10, p.160.

APPENDIX J: THE 11 RULES FOR SAYING HELLO WITH GOREAN KEIGO WITH REFERENCES TO THE BOOKS - RULE 8

Rule 8: “Greetings” is a greeting used by captors, when addressing their prisoners (Kenjougo).

Referenced at:
Book 7, Captive of Gor: Chapter 12, p. 221.
Book 12, Beasts of Gor: Chapter 29, p.353; Chapter 33, p.380.
Book 16, Guardsman of Gor: Chapter 16, p.137.

APPENDIX K: THE 11 RULES FOR SAYING HELLO WITH GOREAN KEIGO WITH REFERENCES TO THE BOOKS - RULE 9

Rule 9: “Greetings” is a greeting used by prisoners, when addressing their captors (Sonkeigo).

Referenced at:
Book 12, Beasts of Gor: Chapter 33, p.380.

APPENDIX L: THE 11 RULES FOR SAYING HELLO WITH GOREAN KEIGO WITH REFERENCES TO THE BOOKS - RULE 10

Rule 10: “Greetings” is a greeting used by slaves, when addressing each other (Teineigo).

Referenced at:
Book 7, Captive of Gor: Chapter 13, p.245.
Book 10, Tribesmen of Gor: Chapter 16, p.253.
Book 11, Slave Girl of Gor: Chapter 14, p.294.
Book 18, Blood Brothers of Gor: Chapter 14, p.151.
Book 19, Kajira of Gor: Chapter 20, p.243.
Book 22, Dancer of Gor: Chapter 28, p.374.

APPENDIX M: THE 11 RULES FOR SAYING HELLO WITH GOREAN KEIGO WITH REFERENCES TO THE BOOKS - RULE 11

Rule 11: “Greetings” is a greeting used by family members, when addressing each other (Teineigo).

Referenced at:
Book 18, Blood Brothers of Gor: Chapter 4, p.55.

APPENDIX N: MISUSES OF THE 11 RULES OF GOREAN KEIGO WITH REFERENCES TO THE BOOKS

Referenced at:
Book 7, Captive of Gor: Chapter 8, p.87; Chapter 13, p.237; Chapter 13, p.245.
Book 10, Tribesmen of Gor: Chapter 26, p.344; Chapter 26, p.345.
Book 11, Slave Girl of Gor: Chapter 9, p.199.
Book 5, Assassin of Gor, Chapter 20, p.322.

Copyright 2005, Makaku Oyami. All rights restricted.

Thanks to my kajira, torachan, for research assistance on the 26 books.

Makaku Oyami